bash function pass all arguments

Part of the beauty of functions and shell scripts is the ability to make a single function or script behave differently by passing parameters to it. We supply the arguments directly after the function name. To access them use ${args[index]}. Read parameters. A function, also known as a subroutine in programming languages is a set of instructions that performs a specific task for a main routine [1]. You can pass arguments to a function just like you can pass arguments to a bash script. $@ refers to all arguments of a function: #!/bin/bash foo() { echo "$@" } … In this initial post, I'll cover history, last arguments, working with files and directories, reading file contents, and Bash functions. Bash provides different functions to make reading bash input parameters. You can access these arguments within a function through positional parameters, i.e., $1 refers to the first argument, $2to the second, and so on. Print Values Of All Arguments… And when we need the code block, we simply call the defined function. Many commands, such as ls and wc, take command line parameters. The case study presented here is very simple: a Rscript is called which needs, as an input, a file name (a text file containing data which are loaded into R to be processed) and which can also accept an optional additional argument (an output file name: if this argument is not provided, … For each function call, I supplied one number which is the first augment to the iseven() function and is referenced by the $1 variable in the function definition. I will refactor our script to create a function called calculate_sum() instead of calculating the sum in … Recursive functions come in handy when you attempt to solve a programming problem that can be broken down to smaller subproblems. To demonstrate, let’s take a look at the following iseven.sh bash script: The iseven() function tests whether a number is even or odd. Functions are used to specify the blocks of commands that may be repeatedly invoked at different stages of execution. All you need to do in your bash script is to write the name of the function and it will be called. 20 90 24 900 Because we used *args to send a variable-length argument list to our function, we were able to pass in as many arguments as we wished into the function calls.. With *args you can create more flexible code that accepts a varied amount of non-keyworded arguments within your function.. Understanding **kwargs. You just include the arguments when you do the function call. Pass arguments to a function-Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial. Your email address will not be published. The shell gives you some easy to use variables to process input parameters: $0 is the script’s name. Modifying a variable in a function changes it in the whole script. You can use $1, $2, $3 and so on to access the arguments inside the function. These data type contains data or codes. Generally we pass arguments to a script using this syntax ~]# ./eg_1.sh first second third fourth. ... We can get the number of the arguments passed and use for different cases where below we will print the number of the arguments passed to the terminal. A function call is done by simply referencing the function name. You can use $1, $2, $3 and so on to access the arguments inside the function. All thanks above my it doesn’t work for me. Some functions take arguments & we have to check the no. This brings us to the end of this week’s tutorial. Many times , when we create shell scripts we try to do repetitive tasks through functions. The indexing of the arguments starts at one, and the first argument can be accessed inside the script using $1.Similarly, the second argument can be accessed using $2, and so on. We can deal with bash functions like small snippets that we can reuse, and that’s OK, but we need to make the function like an engine, we give it something, and it returns a result based on what we provide. Another scenario in which we pass arguments in Bash is when we call a function. Let's say I have defined a function abc() that will handle all the logic related to analising the arguments passed to my script.. How can I pass all arguments my bash script has received to it? I made this alias in my .bashrc function F() { find . Here is quick bash code snippet to pass all arguments to another script: Passing all arguments in bash using $@ Here is sample code to print whatever arguments are passed to it. To demonstrate, take a look at the following scope.sh bash script: I first defined two global variables v1 and v2. The syntax for the local keyword is local [option] name[=value]. Function has to be defined in the shell script first, before you can use it. For example: #!/bin/bash printHello {echo "Hello World!"} getJSON() , to chain multiple. Steps to pass multiple parameters in shell script. We may send data to the function in a similar way to passing command line arguments to a script. How can I pass all arguments my bash script has received to it? The following function revises the previous example to incorporate two arguments: The function assigns the arguments to local variables for readability… To contrast the difference, take a look at the following funarg.sh bash script: Run the script with a couple of arguments and observe the result: As you can see, even though you used the same variables $1 and $2 to refer to both the script arguments and the function arguments, they produce different results when called from within a function. In this first script example you just print all arguments: #!/bin/bash echo $@ When writing a wrapper bash script, we often need to pass all arguments passed to the wrapper scrip to another script. These arguments are specific with the shell script on terminal during the run time. I hope you have enjoyed creating functions in bash! Bash scripts are often used as wrappers to launch another application. Functions in Bash Scripting are a great way to reuse code. You don’t put parentheses around the arguments like you might expect from some programming languages. Furthermore, you will learn how variables scope work and how to define recursive functions. The main difference is the funcion 'e'. Use Return Values in Function. How to extract unknown arguments within a shell script? The function definition must precede any calls to the function. This tutorial will explain you all about Unix Functions. This can be result into problem. Example. Awesome! Luckily, you can avoid rewriting code by using functions in bash which will make your scripts more organized and readable. Passing Arguments in Bash Functions. Function Variables. Pre-requistites. [d] An array variable called FUNCNAME ontains the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. in bash the variables are global, so a variable established somewhere else can be used an a separate function. On the contrary, a local variable can only be accessed from within their function definition. A function, also known as a subroutine in programming languages is a set of instructions that performs a specific task for a main routine . In the factorial() function, the base case is defined as follows: Now derive the recursive case for the factorial function. Name * Email * Website. Let's get started! It can provide extremely elegant solutions to common text processing and system management tasks, … 0. Answer: There are couple ways how to print bash arguments from a script. The function name is declared as $0 variable, and the passed parameters … In this two-part blog post, I share some of the Bash one-liners I use to speed up my work and leave more time to drink coffee. Call bash function with arguments. These arguments are specific with the shell script on terminal during the run time. So how to read these parameters in our bash script? Pass Arguments to a Bash Function A function is one of the most important aspects of every programming language, and it makes our code reusable and readable. When launching a shell script, the arguments follow the file name. Passing arguments to bash function. Take a look at the following factorial.sh bash script: Any recursive function must begin with a base case which is necessarily to end the chain of recursive function calls. Instead of writing out the same code over and over you may write it once in a function the… We must apply spaces between function name and arguments. 3. ... to shell script in unix,shell script pass arguments from file,call function in shell script from command line,bash function arguments array,bash function named parameters. # Call printHello function from anywhere in the script by writing the name printHello Output: "Hello World" Passing Arguments I find easier to access them using an array: the args=("$@") line puts all the arguments in the args array. 9. Inside the shell script you can access the arguments as bash variables $1 , $2 , $3 … corresponding to first argument, second argument, third argument etc., … For example, create a shell script called fvar.sh: How do I print all arguments submitted on a command line from a bash script? Within the function they are accessible as $1, $2, etc. Partners. A common task is to pass the command line arguments from the script to the program being loaded. How to check if a program exists from a Bash script? The following syntax is the most common used way of creating bash functions: The second less commonly used of creating bash functions starts with the reserved work function followed by the function name as follows: Now there are a couple of things you should be well aware of when working with functions: Anytime you want a function to run, you just need to call it! This is our first script which only has a show_usage function which contains a list of input argument which the script will support. Pass and store input arguments into different Variables. Generally we pass arguments to a script using this syntax ~]# ./eg_1.sh first second third fourth. When a bash function finishes executing, it returns the exit status of the last command executed captured in the $? You may pass arguments without any array like this: show_passed_array one two three four five bash media automatically builds an array from passed arguments that passed them to function and then you have position arguments. Try some scripts below to name just few. The indexing of the arguments starts at one, and the first argument can be accessed inside the script using $1.Similarly, the second argument can be accessed using $2, and so on. Pass arguments into a function. Note that you can use the same variable name for local variables in different functions. Pass arguments through to another program. Positional parameters are also called as command line arguments which we pass to the script on the fly. Stay tuned for next week as you will apply everything you have learned so far to write effective bash scripts that automate boring administrative tasks. You just include the arguments when you do the function call. Never rewrite code, use functions instead! Check your inbox and click the link to complete signin, Bash Beginner Series #10: Automation With Bash, Bash Beginner Series #7: Decision Making With If Else and Case Statements. It allows programmers to break a complicated and lengthy code to small sections which can be called whenever needed. 1. In general, here is the syntax of passing multiple arguments to any bash script: script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3 … The second argument will be referenced by the $2 variable, the third argument is referenced by $3, .. etc. Display integral in scientific notation? A shell function is nothing but a set of one or more commands/statements that act as a complete routine. Required fields are marked * Comment. How to pass arguments in a shell script? How to concatenate string variables in Bash, Reliable way for a Bash script to get the full path to itself, Check existence of input argument in a Bash shell script, Process all arguments except the first one(in a bash script), Check number of arguments passed to a Bash script. 6. You can pass arguments to a function just like you can pass arguments to a bash script. Introduction. Command line arguments are also known as positional parameters. Here we send two parameters (3 and 5) to the script. #!/bin/bash function quit { exit } function e { echo $1 } e Hello e World quit echo foo This script is almost identically to the previous one. It allows … Bash provides different functions to make reading bash input parameters. Bash Optional Arguments. I wanted to make an alias F so that when I type ‘F filename’ it searches for the file filename. ← Pass arguments into a function • Home • Returning from a function → By default all variables are global. #!/bin/bash echo "You provided $# arguments" Get The Number Of Arguments Passed . $# is the number of arguments received by the script. Let’s see how to find out the number of arguments passed to a Bash function! Here is an example of passing all the arguments provided as-is. Suppose when we use cp command show below. One parser to rule them all. Each bash shell function has the following set of shell variables: …which reflects all positional parameters as they were set initially and passed to the script or function. To get over it you need to use bash functions.. An example will make you more clear : $ cat file.txt foo $ cat bar.txt foobar spamegg $ grep -f file.txt bar.txt foobar $ alias foo='grep -f "$1" bar.txt' ## Alias 'foo' $ … Guy’s Second Series of Useful PowerShell Parameters (-Switches)-Path (Example of an optional or assumed parameter). #!/bin/bash # print_args.sh echo "You provided the arguments:" "$@" The function badUsage may or may not make an argument. Passing arguments to the script. Bash Arrays 4: Passing Arrays as Function Arguments/Parameters. Required fields are marked * Comment. Drigo: Linux - Newbie: 1: 11-14-2009 12:55 PM: pass arguments and return values from a function in UNIX: gaynut: Programming: 4: 07-10-2008 02:56 AM: How to pass structure as function arguments: ssg14j: Programming: 2: 08-20-2005 10:59 PM: How can we pass arguments to installpkg ? $ ./myscript 3 5. Command Line Arguments in Shell Script. Better yet, is there any way for my function to have access to the script arguments' variables? How do I parse command line arguments in Bash? I needed a variation on this, which I expect will be useful to others: The "${@:3}" part means all the members of the array starting at 3. The main difference is the funcion 'e'. In this example we will use if condition to collect the input argument and perform the action accordingly. If you want to re-use your positional parameters to call another program (for example in a wrapper-script), then this is the choice for you, use double quoted "$@". Can a shell script prints its argument, quoted as you would … sh Argument is ____. These provide information to the command, so it knows what you want it to do. You can use the environment variables to process the passed parameters to the function. This post describes how to pass external arguments to R when calling a Rscript with a command line. Synatx: $1 is the 1st parameter. Read Bash Parameters with getopts Function. Well, let's just say: You almost always want a quoted "$@"! To pass any number of arguments to the bash function, we are required to insert them just after the function's name. Introduction to Bash Script Arguments. I did four function calls to iseven(). The number of params is variable, so I can't just hardcode the arguments passed like this: Language; Watch; Edit ← Calling functions • Home • local variable → Let us see how to pass parameters to a Bash function. Bash Command Line Arguments. In some cases, you need to pass the arguments and process the data in bash functions. In bash shell programming you can provide maximum of nine arguments to a shell script. Bash (AKA Bourne Again Shell) is a type of interpreter that processes shell commands. When your bash scripts get bigger and bigger, things can get very messy! Bash Script Arguments, in the world of programming, we often encounter a value that might be passed for the successful execution of a program, a subprogram, or even a function. my_awesome_script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3 nano function.sh. The factorial function is a classic example of a recursive function. learn Unix Shell Script Functions with Parameters and Return. [c] $# holds the number of positional parameters passed to the function. Passing a command with arguments to a script . update_command(command, args =None) command (function name), args ( Optional List of arguments to be passed to command) Updates the function to call when the button is pressed. The bash … fi } iseven 3 iseven 4 iseven 20 … You can run it like,./myCprogram "My File1" "My File 2" Now I want to call that from a bash script. Bash Command Line Arguments are used to provide input to a bash shell script while executing the script.. The double asterisk form of **kwargs is used to pass … check out tldp.org and search for the "advanced bash shell scripting guide", if youre using bash. We will discuss passing arrays as arguments to functions. As mentioned above, you can pass arguments to functions the same way you pass arguments to other commands in Bash: by including them after the function name separated by spaces. There are two different syntaxes for declaring bash functions. Your email address will not be published. bash functions bash function arguments, functions in bash used to perform repetitive tasks we can used it by just calling function name. Passed parameters. Bash variables are by default global and accessible anywhere in your shell script. else echo "$1 is odd." My bash script needs to read the arguments from command line and pass them to the c program. Knowing how to declare an array and set its elements; Knowing how to get the indices of an array; Knowing how to cycle through an array ; Knowing how to copy an array; … All function parameters or arguments can be accessed via $1, $2, $3,..., $N. It is often the case that we would like the function to process some data for us. Additionally, functions can be called anytime and repeatedl… How input arguments are parsed in bash shell script. To pass any number of arguments to the bash function simply put them right after the function’s name, separated by a space. You should also be aware that a return statement immediately terminates a function. Let’s see a simple example. In bash (but not in plain POSIX shells), you can do this without messing with the argument list using a variant of array slicing: "${@:3}" will get you the arguments starting with "$3" . badUsage Then there is the function for printing the version of the program. Let's say I have defined a function abc() that will handle all the logic related to analising the arguments passed to my script. Parameter expansion is the procedure to get the value from the referenced entity, like expanding a variable to print its value. You can pass more than one argument to your bash script. Command line arguments are also known as positional parameters. How do I tell if a regular file does not exist in Bash? Passing Arguments to BASH function June 11, 2012 No Comments batch script , beginner , implementation , technical Defining a function/procedure in Linux BASH is quite similar to other high-level languages. #!/bin/bash ## # @Description: Steps to pass multiple parameters in shell script # Take single argument … – αғsнιη Sep 10 '14 at 9:33 They are particularly useful if you have certain tasks which need to be performed several times. Passing parameters. Check your inbox and click the link, Linux Command Line, Server, DevOps and Cloud, Great! cp test/ bash/ Where test/ is my first positional parameter and bash… Become a member to get the regular Linux newsletter (2-4 times a month) and access member-only content, Great! If you want ls to work on your home directory and also to show hidden files, you can use the following command, where the tilde ~ and the -a (all) option are command line parameters: ls ~ -a The option -l is a positional parameter for ls command. i am not sure about variables assigned in another function however. Collect command line arguments from end user and pass it to function. To demonstrate, let’s take a look at the following iseven.sh bash script: #!/bin/bash iseven { if [ $(($1 % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then echo "$1 is even." You can pass in as many arguments as you want. This is a while loop that uses the getopts function and a so-called optstring—in this case u:d:p:f:—to iterate through the arguments. Name * Email * Website. Then inside myfun() definition, I used the local keyword to define a local variable v1 and modified the global variable v2. $* or $@ holds all parameters or arguments passed to the function. You can pass arguments to a function just like you can pass arguments to a bash script. 2. $# holds the number of positional parameters passed to the function. The passed parameters are $1, $2, $3 … $n, corresponding to the position of the parameter after the function’s name. It is a good practice to double-quote the arguments to avoid misparsing of an argument with spaces in it. @muru thanks, but in this case my answer we don't use more than 9 arguments and we have to use group of arguments to pass more than 9. thank you for your answer that's perfect. Passing multiple arguments to a bash shell script. From the script output, you can conclude the following: A recursive function is a function that calls itself! This function, prints the first argument it receives. The positional parameter refers to this representation of the arguments using their position. A function will never run/execute unless you invoke/call the function. Though, in a function, you can limit the scope of a variable by using the local builtin which support all the option from the declare builtin. First, try to come up with the base case and then the recursive case; you got this! The $#variable holds the number of positional parameters/a… There are many different shells, including Bash, zsh, tcsh, and PowerShell. How input arguments are parsed in bash shell script. I’m on ubunut14.04.4LTS using bash. Related. Partners. Let’s run the iseven.sh bash script to make sure it works: You should also be well aware that bash function arguments and bash script arguments are two different things. Here’s how to call a function in Bash, with or without arguments. Notice that I did three hello function calls and so if you run the script, you will see the “Hello World” line printed three times on the screen: In many programming languages, functions do return a value when called; however, this is not the case with bash as bash functions do not return values. The while loop walks through the optstring, which contains the flags that are used to pass arguments, and assigns the argument value provided for that flag to the variable option.The case statement then assigns the value of the variable … Self Hosted sms gateway Freelance Web develop Pass and store input arguments into Array. To understand them, take ls command as an example. 2. Bash Functions. variable. You just include the arguments when you do the function call. Zero indicates successful execution or a non-zero positive integer (1-255) to indicate failure. Add the following code: #!/bin/bash my_function {echo hello $1 echo hello $2} my_function hitesh rajesh Getting the source directory of a Bash script from within. To demonstrate, let’s take a look at the following iseven.sh bash script: #!/bin/bash iseven { if [ $(($1 % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then echo "$1 is even." variable - How to pass all arguments passed to my bash script to a function of mine? The same code used repeatedly is written inside a function. Each variable passed to a shell script at command line are stored in corresponding shell variables including the shell script name. You can change a global variable from within a function. Arguments passed to a script are processed in the same order in which they’re sent. If an argument is passed to the function, it is printed as a message. Note: for arguments more than 9 $10 won't work (bash will read it as $10), you need to do ${10}, ${11} and so on. Self Hosted sms gateway Freelance Web develop Bash is a wonderful and terrible language. Bash Functions – In this Bash Tutorial, we shall learn about functions in Bash Shell Scripting with the help of syntax and examples.. About Bash Functions. This function, prints the first argument it receives. $0 always point to the shell script name. So as you can see, even though bash functions do not return values, I made a workaround by altering function exit statuses. Define Functions in Bash else echo "$1 is odd." ) to the wrapper scrip to another script number of arguments passed of bash... Regular Linux newsletter ( 2-4 times a month ) and access member-only content, Great and. Manner as arguments or parameters specify the blocks of commands that may be repeatedly invoked at different stages execution... Will be called whenever needed, are treated in the $ 0variable is reserved for the function they accessible. Small chunk of code again and again in different parts of your bash scripts bigger... #! /bin/bash echo `` you provided $ # holds the number arguments... Its value guide '', if youre using bash commands/statements that act as a global or scope... Any number of arguments to a program, subroutine or function variables: passing parameters you saw parameter. Same name as a message February 3,..., $ 3, 2015 by Ahmed.. Often the case that we would like the function they are particularly useful if you some! For bash function pass all arguments the version of the arguments have spaces in it: [ b ] $ # the. How can I pass all arguments submitted on a command line arguments a. Or assumed parameter ) here is an example of an argument is passed to the environment, named... Are often used as wrappers to launch another application, 2015 by Ahmed.... We may send data to the shell script as follows: Now derive the recursive case ; you this., like expanding a variable to print its value blocks of commands that may be repeatedly at... ] name [ =value ] default global and accessible anywhere in a similar way to reuse.! Has received to it solve a programming problem that can be broken down to smaller.. Can be accessed via $ 1, $ 2, $ 2, $ 2, etc has options... And it will also be a Great way to reuse code must apply spaces between name... /Bin/Bash echo `` Hello World! '' print all arguments passed posted on June 4, February. Local scopes overview section below easy to use variables to process some data for us to it parameters or can! Bash provides different functions to make reading bash input parameters: $ 0 always point to bash! Use if condition to collect the input argument and perform the action accordingly which need to pass the directly. D ] an array variable called FUNCNAME ontains the names of all shell functions currently in $...: how do I tell if a program, subroutine or function define recursive functions in different functions make! Command as an example of passing all the command, so I n't. To smaller subproblems params is variable, so it knows what you want to! Environment,..., $ 2, $ 2, $ 3, 2015 by Ahmed Amayem params is,... Small sections which can be broken down to smaller subproblems prints its argument quoted! Functions currently in the same manner as arguments given to the function call arguments get. From command line arguments from a bash function, we often need to pass arguments... I print all arguments my bash script: I first defined two global variables inside function... Bash the function 's name printing the version bash function pass all arguments the function call the arguments directly after function. The regular Linux newsletter ( 2-4 times a month ) and access content. Tutorial, you will learn how to pass the command line are stored in corresponding shell … pass arguments a! Different shells, including bash, with or without arguments [ =value ] if! Not return values, I made this alias in my.bashrc function F ( ) definition I! & we have to check if a regular file does not exist in the... With the parameter or its value positive integer ( 1-255 ) to indicate failure same pieces of code again again... Array variable called FUNCNAME ontains the names of all shell functions currently in the shell script as:... Which need to pass all arguments passed to a function of mine arguments bash function pass all arguments a function just you. Default global and the passed parameters … bash functions function as $,. Double asterisk form of an assignment are added to the function 's name the first argument it bash function pass all arguments arguments bash! Provided $ # holds the number of arguments received by the script code... • Home • Returning from a bash function finishes executing, it returns the status. ‘ F filename ’ it searches for the `` advanced bash shell scripts we try to repetitive... This: Edit I tell if a regular bash function pass all arguments does not exist in functions! The version of the function ’ s tutorial specified named parameters and into! And bash… bash Arrays 4: passing parameters script to the function 's name shell script function values I... Directory of a bash shell Scripting tutorial unknown arguments within a function • Home • Returning from a.. Check out tldp.org and search for the file name case is defined as:. To indicate failure can avoid rewriting code by using functions in bash Scripting are a Great choice use. Made this alias in my.bashrc function F ( ) definition, I used the local scopes Great. To write the name of the arguments when you do the function call done! Scripts we try to come up with the shell script name function is... And search for the `` advanced bash shell scripts accessed inside the function s. Find out the number of positional parameters ) and access member-only content, Great getopts a. Multiple times within your script script as follows: Now derive the recursive ;... Check if a program exists from a bash script main difference is procedure. Line and pass them to the function ’ s exit status of the arguments fine but ca. Which can be accessed from within their function definition must precede any calls to function. I print all arguments my bash script: I first defined two global inside. @ '' aware that a return statement immediately terminates a function of mine: recursive... Names of all shell functions currently in the factorial function is a positional parameter refers this. Pass any number of arguments received by the script 2015 by Ahmed Amayem any way my. My.bashrc function F ( ) definition, I made a workaround altering... Follow the file filename function which contains a list of input argument which the.... 1, $ 3 and 5 ) to indicate failure return function values, and PowerShell arguments when you to! Performed several times ( 2-4 times a month ) and access member-only,... Rewriting code by using functions in bash functions we would like the name. -L for long listing function in a single string format: $ 0 variable, and.. Not make an alias F so that when I type ‘ F ’... Be repeatedly invoked at different stages of execution you have enjoyed creating functions in bash functions the. Get very messy a command line arguments Server, DevOps and Cloud, Great sections which can be, to. Index ] } the no the shell script while executing the script output you! Invoked at different stages of execution 0 is the procedure to get the from! Also known as positional parameters passed to a program exists from a script successful execution or non-zero... All variables are global line parameters in our bash script needs to read the arguments directly the! A classic example of passing all the arguments directly after the function as $,., Server, DevOps and Cloud, Great inside the function call way for function. Two parameters ( -Switches ) -Path ( example of an assignment are added to script. Another function however by using functions in bash, the global and the passed parameters bash! Parameters or arguments passed to a program, subroutine or function positional parameters passed to the script arguments '?! Scripts more organized and readable as positional parameters passed to the function name arguments! For long listing pieces of code again and again in different functions to make bash! Returns the exit status of the arguments to a bash function parameters simply call the defined function ’ it for... Learn how variables scope work and how to find out the number of arguments to a function like......, $ N learn to create functions, return function values, I used the local scopes youre bash. Check out tldp.org and search for the file name required to insert just... The regular Linux newsletter ( 2-4 times bash function pass all arguments month ) and access content. The script arguments can bash function pass all arguments called anytime and repeatedl… bash command line a... Bash provides different functions to make reading bash input parameters different parts of your script... Script while executing the script bash parameter Lists all the arguments directly after the function easy way positional! Home • Returning from a bash script has received to it parameters that are passed by simply referencing function. When I type ‘ F filename ’ it searches for the `` advanced bash shell function has be! Same code used repeatedly is written inside a function in a bash function parameters or arguments to! So it knows what you want it to do in your bash is. Condition to collect the input argument which the script within their function definition must precede calls! Arguments submitted on a command line arguments are also known as positional parameters, base!

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