The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The causes of the Thirty Years War in Western Europe: By 1600, two camps had emerged in western Europe: France and the United Provinces The House of Habsburg (Spain and Austria) Phillip III of Spain attempted to continue the foreign policy aspirations of his father, Phillip II, which essentially meant that Spain had to be … And it was this upheaval – not military conflict per se – that took the heaviest human toll. The objective of each player is to gain dominance over Europe. Its major belligerents included France, Sweden, Austria, Denmark, and numerous princes of the Holy Roman Empire. In fact, the year 2018 also marks the anniversary of two interconnected events that changed European and world history forever. This site has a good history of the Thirty Years War, with lots of of information about the various phases of the war — The Bohemian Rebellion, the Palatinate, etc.. Lots here that I never knew about. 1. They got it in some wars that ended in 1609. Spain wanted land in some of the German states, because the Germans owned some of the Spanish Netherlands. The Thirty Years War is a war fought in the pre-industrial age, so loss of human life and indeed of animals cannot be replaced by machinery. “The dear old Holy Roman Empire, How does it stay together?”. Although, to some extent, war came to Germany after 1618 because of the existence of these militant confessional alliances, the continuity must not be exaggerated. There are also newsbooks which report on events and discuss them. Since both were members of the Union, they solicited, and received, promises of military aid from their colleagues; they also received, via Christian of Anhalt, similar promises from the kings of France and England. Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia thought they would lose the religious rights granted to them by Emperor Rudolf II. The Thirty Years War that devastated large parts of Europe between 1618-1648, resulting in the deaths of up to two thirds of the population in the worst affected areas, was discussed extensively in history classes back when I was in high school but that I didn't remember much … The English ambassador in Turin, Isaac Wake, was sanguine: “The gates of Janus have been shut,” he exulted in late 1617, promising “calm and Halcyonian days not only unto the inhabitants of this province of Italye, but to the greatest part of Christendome.” That Wake was so soon proved wrong was due largely to events in the lands of the Austrian Habsburgs over the winter of 1617–18. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. These dramatic events thoroughly alarmed Protestants elsewhere in Germany. Maximilian’s men also banned Protestant worship and set up an occupation government that eventually transferred the city to direct Bavarian rule. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, The relationship between nature and culture, The term and concept before the 18th century, Enlightenment scorn and Romantic admiration, Late antiquity: the reconfiguration of the Roman world, The organization of late imperial Christianity, The transformation of thought and learning, The structure of ecclesiastical and devotional life, From persuasion to coercion: The emergence of a new ecclesiastical discipline, From territorial principalities to territorial monarchies. One of the causes of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was the growing religious and political tension between Roman Catholics and Protestant Christians. General Character of the War. The Peace made the violence end for a bit. In fact, the population of the Holy Roman Empire, the conflict’s main theatre, did not recover its prewar levels until around 60 years after the war ended. In this strategy game, players will take control of one of the opposing sides, Protestants or Catholics, and fight for the control of the Empire. Emperor Matthias, who had no children, had died leaving the throne to Ferdinand II. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the... Danish Intervention. Crisis, recovery, and resilience: Did the Middle Ages end? From the Bohemian rebellion to the Swedish intervention led by Gustavus Adolphus, from Denmark to the Palatinate, players can now recreate the Campaigns of Lützen, Nördlingen and Rocroi. In some areas of Germany, it has been suggested that up to 60% of the population died. Neither bloc was prepared to let the other mobilize an army. The first edition of The Thirty Years' War offered an unrivalled survey of a central period in European history. Naval warfare also reached overseas … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. These religious divisions created a complex confessional pattern in Germany. It started with a bizarre act of violence The Thirty Years War began with a scene now infamous in history: the May... 2. Over five months later, on 24 October, the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück were signed. The emperor's prerogatives had never been clearly defined; a ruler who knew how to exploit his considerable informal powers of patronage could enjoy a great deal of authority, but a weak monarch could easily be reduced to a mere figurehead. These factors had, in the course of time, created in Germany a balance of power between the states. Each area represents a historical region. 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